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James Archer (Jesuit)
James Archer (1550–1620) was an Irish member of the Society of Jesus and played a controversial role in the Nine Years War, during the Tudor conquest of his native country. In the final decade of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I he became a leading hate figure in English government propaganda, but his lasting achievement was in the establishment of Irish seminaries in continental Europe as part of the counter reformation.
==Early life==
Archer came from an Anglo-Norman family in county Kilkenny. He may have attended the grammar school in the county town, which had been established in 1555 under Peter White, a fellow of Oxford University. David Wolfe, papal nuncio to Ireland, had been evangelizing in south Leinster in this period, although there is no evidence that he came in contact with Archer. Archer entered the seminary college of Louvain around the year 1564, when Nicholas Sanders was in charge. In his maturity, he was described as tall, of dark complexion, with a long, thin face.
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